Neutropenia During Cancer Treatments – How to overcome its effects?

Neutropenia is a condition where there are low numbers of neutrophils (a kind of white blood cells), increasing the risk of infection. It often results from cancer or treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Causes of Neutropenia

Certain Cancers

Bone marrow-related cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma can reduce neutrophil counts.

Cancer Treatments

Chemotherapy

Neutrophil levels typically drop within 7–14 days of chemotherapy. They usually recover within 3–4 weeks, preparing the body for the next cycle.

Radiation Therapy

When large bone areas are irradiated (like pelvis, legs, chest), bone marrow activity is suppressed, reducing neutrophil production.

Anti-cancer Drugs

These drugs target rapidly dividing cells, including healthy white blood cells, which increases infection risk.

How can I find out if I have neutropenia?

There may be no direct symptoms. Blood tests are required, especially if you're undergoing chemotherapy or radiation. Fatigue or dizziness may appear in some cases. Fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher could signal infection.

How can I prevent neutropenia?

Though neutropenia itself can't always be prevented, infection risk can be reduced by:

• Frequent hand washing
• Avoiding sick individuals and crowded areas
• Practicing good hygiene
• Cooking food thoroughly
• Wearing a mask and gloves as needed
• Keeping your environment clean
• Getting a flu shot (if recommended)

Signs of Infection

• Fever (100.4°F or above)
• Chills, fatigue, sore throat, or mouth sores
• Cough, runny nose, or shortness of breath
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or vomiting
• Pain during urination or unusual discharge
• Redness or swelling around wounds or catheter sites

When should I go to the emergency room?

If you experience fever, chills, diarrhea, or any signs of infection while neutropenic, seek immediate care. Severe cases may require hospitalization until neutrophil counts normalize.

How is neutropenia treated?

• Temporarily stopping or adjusting treatment
• Medications to stimulate white blood cell production
• Hospitalization for febrile neutropenia

Risk Factors

• Older age
• Pre-existing conditions
• Intensive chemotherapy or radiation
• Bone marrow or stem cell transplants

Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Team

• Does my treatment increase infection risk?
• How can I avoid infections?
• When should I seek emergency care?
• What signs should I watch for?
• How often should I get blood tests?